Tetrathienothiophene is an important molecular unit of organic photovoltaic materials.The tetrathienoacene⁃based small molecular semiconductors, combinating a dialkylated tetrathienoacene central core with styrene end⁃capping moieties, are synthesized through Stille coupling reactions.The molecular structure of compound has been analyzed by 1H⁃NMR spectrometry.Thermogravimetric Analysis(TGA),UV⁃visible absorption spectrum(UV⁃Vis),Fluorescence emission spectrum(PL) and Electrochemical cyclic voltammetry(CV) were used to characterized the thermal properties,optical properties and electrochemical properties of the prepared compound.The compound shows UV⁃absorption peaks at 429,453 nm,and a large red shift occurs.The EHOMO=-5.57 eV was calculated by cyclic voltammetry.

Photocatalysis is one of the important methods to solve the current environmental pollution and energy crisis. However, the photocatalytic efficiency of most photocatalysts is still low. Improving the separation of photogenerated charges is an effective way to enhance the photocatalytic efficiency. Firstly, the paper summarizes the photocatalysis mechanism, and then reviews the effects of built⁃in electric field in semiconductor p⁃n junction, heterophase junctions, polarized surfaces and ferroelectric material polarization on separation efficiency of photogenerated charges and photocatalytic performance, based on the recent domestic and international research progress in improving the separation efficiency of photogenerated charges. Finally, the future development of built⁃in electric field in photocatalysis is prospected.

The influences of filtration rate and polymer concentration in produced water on the scaling deposition behavior were studied by building the simulation experiment device,considering the characteristics of downward flow filter water collection process and the problems existing in production. Based on the material and internal structure in the water collection tube,a experimental unit model was established,in order to investigate the effect of structure of water collection tube on scaling deposition. In addition,the internal mechanism for the scaling deposition in the water collection tube was discussed.The results indicate that FeS,Fe2O3,CaCO3,and aluminosilicate are the main constituents of scaling depositions in the water collection tube.The high intensitive aggregation and adhesion between the scaling deposition and the inner wall of the water⁃collecting tube are proved to be influenced by temperature, filtration rate and water quality.The water temperature environment of the surface system provides a suitable propagating environment of the sulfate⁃reducing bacteria (SRB), which is used to accelerate the corrosion beneath the scale in the water collection tube. The filtration rate shows two mechanisms of "scaling" and "stripping".The polymer in waste water would induce a synergy effect between "co⁃deposition" and "chelate solubilization". Besides of that,the galvanic corrosion by the structure of the water collection tube is proved to be the internal mechanism for accelerating the scaling deposition.

Based on the dissolved⁃air flotation process, a multiphase flow mixture model numerical simulation was established to simulate the pressure field distribution, particles trace characteristics and the removal effect of oil and suspended matter in the process of settlement separation of produced water by air flotation, the influence of air flotation on the characteristics of the settlement separation flow field of produced water is revealed by comparing with the characteristics of conventional gravity settlement separation. The results indicate that the more stable pressure field distribution is obtained by the sedimentation with dissolved⁃air flotation through adapting the change of treatment amount, and relatively stable and orderly motion tracks of oil droplets and suspended particles with uniform distribution in the flow field are obtained by avoiding vortexing. The removal rates of oil and suspended solids under simulated conditions are increased by 8%~11% compared with the conventional gravity sedimentation separation, and the improvement of the settlement separation effect of produced water was effectively ensured. The construction of the adaptability of air flotation process and the basis of improving the efficiency of produced water treatment are provided by the understanding of the flow field characteristics in the settlement separation of air flotation.

It is an effective way to enhance the photocatalytic activity by fabricating some defects such as oxygen vacancy into WO ₃ lattice to make nonstoichiometric WO _3-x. This paper firstly describes the mechanism of the effect of oxygen vacancy on the photocatalytic activity of WO ₃, and then, reviews the influence of the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect and the synergistic effects of noble metal/carbon containing materials, and oxygen vacancy. Finally, prospectsing and challenging of WO3-x application in the field of photocatalysis are discussed in the end of this work.

A two⁃dimensional nano flake rutile titanium dioxide (TiO ₂) semiconductor material was synthesized under low temperature by hydrothermal method.The effects of HCl concentration on the crystalline phase,crystallinity,morphology,particle size and photoelectric properties of obtained TiO ₂ particles are studied using XRD,SEM and SPV.The results indicate that the micron spherical,nanosheets and nanorods rutile TiO ₂ particles can be synthesized by controlling the HCl concentration at 3,5,7 mol/L,respectively.Moreover,the photocatalytic performance of obtained rutile TiO ₂ particles is further investigated by degradation of rhodamine B. The results show that the activities of micron spherical,nanosheets and nanorods rutile TiO ₂ samples are higher than that of traditional rutile TiO ₂ sample obtained by calcination method.Compared with micron spherical and nanorods rutile TiO ₂ samples,2D nanosheets rutile TiO ₂ sample has better photocatalytic properties.SPV results reveal that the 2D nanosheets rutile TiO ₂ has a significant efficiency on photogenerated charges separation and migration.

Graphitic carbon nitride (g⁃C3N4) possesses a unique two⁃dimensional structure, which is used as a kind of excellent non⁃metallic semiconductor photocatalysts, owing to its visible light absorption, adjustable energy band grade, high stability, and so on. This review focus on recent research results and progress, and modification and catalytic mechanism related to photocatalysts are summarized based on microstructure changing, elemental doping, semiconductor loading, and multiphase composite of g⁃C3N4. Finally, the review presents the viewpoint for the development of g⁃C3N4⁃based photocatalytic performance.

The MoP/A l ₂O ₃ catalyst precursor was prepared with impregnation method and a series of A l ₂O ₃supported molybdenum phosphide catalysts were prepared by convention reductionpassivationreduction method using the precursor. The catalytic activity of MoP/A l ₂O ₃ was investigated on different conditions in solvent oil C6, C7 as model compounds. The results showed that the application conditions of MoP/A l ₂O ₃ catalyst with 22% and 14% molybdenum trioxide content were reaction temperature 210 ℃, space velocity 1.5 h ^-1 and reaction temperature 230 ℃ and space velocity 1.5 h ^-1 respectively.

Based on bore hole data, the volumetric method to calculate the resources of oil shale in the 1st member of Qingshankou formation and the 1st2nd member of Nenjiang formation in Songliao Basin were adopted. A reasonable area dividing scheme was established taking the 2nd member of Nenjiang formation as criterion when the area distribution of the three sets of oil shale was determined. Subblock dividing and subblock area calculation were proceeded on the three researching formations using geographic information system ArcGIS and the actual area of each subblock was 537 km2. 1st member of Qingshankou formation, 1st member of Nenjiang formation and 2nd member of Nenjiang formation were divided into 147 subblocks, 197 subblocks and 246 subblocks respectively. According to the theory of trend surface method, oil shale thickness tendency value equation was obtained using algorithm software MATLAB where the spatial distribution coordinates were considered as independent variable and the relative thickness tendency values as dependent variable. Further more, this paper did fitting analysis on oil shale thickness spatial distribution, and the fitting results were satisfied which ensured the accuracy of calculation. The oil shale resources of the three formations were obtained after the determination of the area and thickness of those subblocks. The results are 1 272 400 million tons, 887 310 million tons and 987 240 million tons for 1st member of Qingshankou formation, 1st member of Nenjiang formation and 2nd member of Nenjiang formation respectively.

Pure monoclinic ZrO ₂, tetragonal ZrO ₂ and the mixed phases of monoclinic and tetragonal ZrO ₂, were prepared by hydrothermal method using Zr(NO ₃) ₄ as precursor. The influences of the precursor concentration, crystallization temperature, and crystallization time on the particle size and crystalline phase of ZrO ₂nanoparticles were studied by XRD, Raman spectroscopy and TEM. It is found that all the above synthesis conditions have influences on the particle size of ZrO ₂. Among those above experimental conditions, the particle size of ZrO ₂ is more related to the crystallization temperature while the crystallization temperature has little influence on the morphology of ZrO ₂. Furthermore, it is show that the monoclinic ZrO ₂ is easily formed for the longer crystallization time, and the crystallization degree of ZrO ₂ is increased when longer crystallization time is used. This paper provides a strategy to synthesize the monoclinic ZrO ₂ using low precursor concentration, high crystallization temperature and the long crystallization time.

ZrO ₂ nanoparticle was prepared by precipitation method using ZrOCl ₂ as precursor. The influences of the adding rate of precipitation agent, washing and drying method on the particle size and crystalline phase of ZrO ₂ nanoparticles were studied. It is found that the transformation from tetragonal to monoclinic is delayed when Zr(OH) ₄ was washed by ethanol. When NH ₃·H ₂O was added rapidly and ZrO ₂ was dried by vacuum, the phase transformation of ZrO ₂ is inhibited obviously.

Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit (FCCU) is one of the most important processes in a refinery, which converts molecular-weight gas oils into lighter hydrocarbon products. The mechanistic dynamic model was developed for the FCCU reactor-regenerator system，which was composed of the five-lump dynamic mechanism model and the two-stage regenerator model. The Marquardt algorithm was adopted to evaluate model parameters, and fourth order Runge-Kutta method was used for the equations. Axial distribution of lump components in riser and key steady-state variable values were obtained. The results show that the model can describe the products rate with satisfied accuracy and can be used directly for the advanced control and process optimization.